C++

C++11 之std::bind

stl动态绑定

Posted by VK on March 4, 2020

C++ 之std::bind

作用:

可调用实体(函数指针,仿函数,lambda表达式)的一种封装,这种封装能起到预绑定参数的作用。

使用示例:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void global_func(int a){//全局函数
    cout<<"call global_func:"<<a<<endl;
}

auto labmda = [](int a){cout<<"lambda:"<<a<<endl;};

class ClassA{
public:
    void member_func(int a){//类成员函数
        cout<<"call ClassA::member_func:"<<a<<endl;
    }
    
    static void static_member_func(int a){//类静态函数
        cout<<"call ClassA::static_member_func:"<<a<<endl;
    }
};

class Functor{//仿函数
public:
    void operator()(int a){
        cout<<"call Functor()"<<a<<endl;
    }
};


int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    function<void(int)> func;
    func = global_func;
    func(10);
    auto bindGlobalFunc = std::bind(global_func, 10);
    bindGlobalFunc();
    
    func = labmda;
    func(11);
    auto bindLabmdaFunc = std::bind(labmda, 11);
    bindLabmdaFunc();
    
    Functor testFunctor;
    func = testFunctor;
    func(12);
    auto bindFunctorFunc = std::bind(testFunctor, 12);
    bindFunctorFunc();
    
    ClassA a_object;
    func = std::bind(&ClassA::member_func, &a_object, std::placeholders::_1);
    func(13);
    auto bindClassMemberFunc = std::bind(&ClassA::member_func,&a_object, 13);
    bindClassMemberFunc();
    
    func = std::bind(&ClassA::static_member_func, std::placeholders::_1);
    func(14);
    auto bindClassStaticFunc = std::bind(&ClassA::static_member_func, 14);
    bindClassStaticFunc();
    return 0;
}

输出结果:

call global_func:10
call global_func:10
lambda:11
lambda:11
call Functor()12
call Functor()12
call ClassA::member_func:13,
call ClassA::member_func:13
call ClassA::static_member_func:14
call ClassA::static_member_func:14

注意事项:

  1. 预绑定的参数是以值传递的形式
  2. 不预绑定的参数要用std::placeholders(占位符)的形式占位,从_1开始,依次递增,是以引用传递的形式
  3. std::bind的返回值是可调用实体,可以直接赋给std::function
  4. 对于绑定的指针,引用类型参数,调用者需保证在调用之前生命周期还存在
  5. std::placeholders表示新的可调用对象的第几个参数和原函数的第几个参数进行匹配